Not a technical person, as I understand it, Google and Bing are full search engines while options like Seaexng, Ecosia, Duckduckgo are meta search engine that depend on Google or Bing. Are there other search engines that are fully independent, and if there aren’t, what are the barriers that stop other search engines from emerging
The usual example is Kagi.
I made a video about a few others this week: UDM-14 (Though, note that UDM-14 is basically just google search with a different overlay and no ads/ai), Mojeek, and Marginalia. (Though Marginalia focuses on non-commercial content and is a little different.)