One of the main challenges of maintaining peaceful international relations is the escalation of distrust and the ensuing arms race.
The possibility that others might attack you is a reason to arm yourself. But this step will in turn be interpreted as a threat by the other, who will in turn arm itself (even more). Etc.
Aren’t there ways to simply invest in purely defensive weapons? So that your efforts to remain safe do not in turn threaten others? Which in turn allows others to also de-escalate?
In other words, are there military set-ups that are useless for offensive actions but good enough for defending a country?
Part of war is occupation of territory and a what cost. So defensive structures to hinder army’s movement making it more costly for taking on occupaing it. Bogs are a natural defense are costly in money and time to remove. A courites weath and Ally’s is also a good deturent. All of these can be used offensively but are the least treating. If a war is to costly any dictator wil look weak and be at risk of loosing power. Final thought protection of human rights world wide helps to stop war spreading and the cases of war like poverty.