They’re template engines, not languages. They use a language and different engines may have similar if not identical languages.
There are multiple engines because each engine is usually made for a specific programming language: jinja2 for python, tera for rust and idk about twig.
I use hugo a lot, I also made my own static site generator called Rubedo which is very similar in concept to hugo and other similar SSGs, but with much more of a “batteries not included” approach. The idea is that existing SSGs are nice but if you’re trying to build something that is not a blog or blog-like thing it starts getting cumbersome, and that’s where rubedo comes in.
I think most people here (me included) suggest hugo because it’s simple very well supported, although not without its issues: the templating is a bit obtuse and again if you’re trying to diverge from the “blog” archetype you’re gonna need to do some trickery in my experience (I made a quite complex theme for hugo so I would know).
If you’re feeling like messing around with a different approach and doing more work you can try out rubedo, maybe even open an issue or two along the way. Another thing that you might like about it is that rubedo uses Tera for templating, which is heavily inspired if not mostly identical to jinja2.
I read on the other thread that the software preventing you from using linux is a video conferencing app. If you could give us more details on what this application is maybe some of us might know a more precise way around the problem, but with so little info at least I am stumbling in the dark.
As for general purpose advice, many people already said what I would have: either use a VM (mind you if configured properly VMs can run quite fast) or use remote desktop and somehow pass your webcam/microphone to the remote pc (there are USB over IP solutions out there that basically allow you to pass a USB signal over the network, like this for example; I haven’t actually tried it myself but it does exist).