The time of pregnancy is calculated from the first day of your last menstrual period (LMP), which is typically two weeks before conception actually occurs. This means the first two weeks of the 40-week count are before fertilization, during which your body prepares for ovulation and a new cycle begins
Yes.
That’s not what’s happening. This is a statistical math problem and the last, reliably known variable is most likely the last period of the person before conception. That doesn’t mean they were pregnant before conception. If neither the date of the last period nor the date of conception are known, they use a different method, probably ultrasound picture comparisons, and add a lower number.