I have some network resources on my local LAN, which i can access, when i connect to the VPN of my router at home. How can i share this connection with a WiFi hotspot on the same Android device, so that a laptop connected via the WiFi Hotspot, can also access these resources?


You need to set up a VPN client on the laptop and connect that VPN client to the router.
AFAIK Android does not pass hotspot data via it’s VPN connection for whatever reason.
I cant install software on that laptop. I have a VPN setup on that laptop, which connects me to my company network. If i disable the VPN and the laptop is in the LAN at home, i can access my home network resources. But the VPN on this machine, prevents me from installing another VPN client like Wireguard and i don’t want to change something on the laptop, wich isn’t my own device.
However, i can and must use the android phone sometimes, when im underway, to connect to the internet. I can open the wireguard vpn on this phone and can access my resources from home. But this isn’t shared with the Wifi hotspot.
I don’t know, if a proxy or something similar exists for Android, which allows to share the VPN via WiFi hotspot.