What happens if the sun shines onto your solar panels, and you have too much power. I guess you could cover the panels with a blanket in such a case, but that would be manual intervention …
Do you need to consume all electric power you generate? Ways of wasting power include … heating water or electrostatics.
Most people would put surplus power they produce into the grid, but this is connected to government / cooperate regulations and paperwork, some would like to avoid that.
An island solution with solar panels is not connected to the power grid at all…
what if i dont want to pay for expensive batteries?
An island solar system without batteries make little sense.
What to do if the batteries are fully charged? The charge controller will save the batteries? But how, what happens with the power, is it converted to heat?
Nothing happens. All you have is voltage. No current. No power.
I think their question makes sense. The light is hitting the solar panel regardless of whether there’s current flowing or not. Where does that light energy go?
As far as I know, it gets converted to heat in the panel and vented off, but maybe there’s something else to it.
There’s only so much voltage that will ever get created in each cell by exposure to light. Only so many electrons that get knocked free. Once that level is hit, nothing else happens that wouldn’t also happen to a stone, or your skin. Electrical energy doesn’t build up.
Yes, most likely the light is just converted to heat. But that’s not special.
It’s not “special”, but it is what they’re asking
The critical part is that the electrons moving consumes energy from the incoming light, reducing the heat being generated while current is flowing. A disconnected solar panel will heat up a bit more than a connected one, but the difference in Watts per area is low enough the panel can just dissipate the extra unused heat to the surrounding air without any issues (unless you’re in the desert, maybe it’s possible they could overheat there, but this would likely be an issue even when generating power).
Modern solar panels are only about 20% efficient, so the panel would only heat up an extra 20% if disconnected in direct sun
electric potential? is the solar circuit a giant capacitor with a stored charge then?
This is a bit complicated, but basically, energy is powertime and power is intensitytension. Now if you have too much power, because you can’t affect the flow of time (sad), you either change tension or intensity. The easiest is to just lower intensity (or cut it out entirely). If you just open your circuit, your intensity falls to 0. So your power falls to 0 and everything is fine. Just like how when you stop a windmill rotating it doesn’t produce any power.
Maybe you could think of it that way, but I don’t think PV cells store much charge, so they’d make pretty crappy capacitors.